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Lignocellulosic feedstock bio-refinery pre-treatment as petro-refinery substitute is a compound system of processes, technologies and products, which integrates controlled fractionation of biomass into components: cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignins. Biomass (wood) pretreatment technologies should decrease biomass recalcitrance against fungi and enzymes treatment to facilitate conversion of biomass into fuels, energy, chemicals and composite nano-materials. Pretreatment technologies include:

• Physico-mechanical
• chemical- and
• biological treatment (hemicelluloses prehydrolysis) methods

General pre-treatment technologies are steam explosion (SE), CO₂ explosion, ammonia fibre explosion (AFEX), ionic liquid fractionation, deep eutectic solvents treatment, high-energy radiation pre-treatment, liquid hot water fractionation, wet oxidation, ozonolysis, acid and alkaline pre-treatment and different combinations them.